This study explores the potential of integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the analysis of preschool children’s drawings as a non-verbal medium that reflects their cognitive and emotional development. In the context of early childhood education, drawings function not only as artistic expressions but also as symbolic representations of children’s thoughts, emotions, and perceptions of their surroundings. Adopting a qualitative research design, data were collected through visual analysis of 13 drawings alongside unstructured interviews with teachers and pupils. Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (GPT Vision) technology was employed to identify visual elements including lines, shapes, forms, spatial arrangements, and narrative symbols guided by Viktor Lowenfeld’s Artistic Development Model and the Structured Visual Content Analysis Model. The findings reveal consistent visual patterns that illustrate cognitive growth (such as differentiation of forms, textures, and spatial concepts) as well as emotional tendencies expressed through symbols and composition. The integration of AI enabled more nuanced interpretations while minimizing bias, thereby enhancing the accuracy of assessment. The study recommends the adoption of AI-driven digital assessments that are responsive to children’s developmental progress, while reaffirming the role of teachers as visual interpreters and facilitators. Overall, the implications highlight the importance of inclusive, adaptive, and future-oriented pedagogical approaches that resonate with the aspirations of the Fifth Industrial Revolution (IR 5.0).
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (GPT Vision), Children’s Drawing Analysis, Visual Literacy, Early Childhood Education, Emotional Development, Cognitive Development

Music has emerged as a promising complementary intervention for anxiety management, with growing evidence highlighting its capacity to modulate Autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. This review synthesizes theoretical models, clinical trials, experimental findings, and qualitative reports to evaluate how rhythmic music influences autonomic regulation and anxiety outcomes. Particular attention is given to heart rate variability (HRV), stress-related biomarkers, and subjective measures of anxiety. Evidence indicates that rhythmic and familiar musical patterns can entrain autonomic processes, enhancing parasympathetic activity and reducing stress responses. However, therapeutic outcomes are moderated by individual differences, contextual factors, and methodological limitations. While music-based interventions hold considerable potential as accessible, non-invasive strategies for anxiety management, further research is required to establish standardized protocols and clarify long-term efficacy.
Keywords: Autonomic nervous system, heart rate variability, music therapy, anxiety management, rhythmic entrainment

Zimbabwe, like many developing countries in the world, faces significant socioeconomic challenges requiring evidence-based solutions. This article justifies the idea for the development of a comprehensive socio-economic atlas to address critical data gaps hindering informed decision-making in the country. We begin by conducting an analysis of socioeconomic atlas cartography as an essential instrument for evidence-based policymaking in Africa and Zimbabwe in particular. We therefore, provide a systematic study of notable African atlases from the last 20 years, classifying them by their thematic and methodological approaches. A critical review of the state of spatial data visualisation in Zimbabwe, highlights significant gaps in current cartographic works. Although thematic mapping is evident in government reports, non-governmental organisations, and academic publications, there is a recurring lack of a unified, interactive, and spatially detailed atlas. The article further highlights the fragmented nature of socioeconomic data, limited spatial resolution, and accessibility issues in existing cartographic resources on Zimbabwe. The article, thus presents a strong rationale for the compilation of a socioeconomic atlas and links it directly to Zimbabwe's national development goals; Vision 2030), its commitment to UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the African Union's Agenda 2063. The article outlines a proposed framework for the development of the aforementioned atlas, detailing its structure and the planned data sources, which include local, regional, and international organisations that deal with credible and verified data on Zimbabwe. We envisage the atlas being a useful tool for policymakers, researchers, and development partners for Zimbabwe and that it would mark the beginning of a more unified social economic mapping initiative in the country.
Keywords: Socioeconomic Atlas, Cartography, Spatio-temporal Analysis, Development Planning,

There have been concerns about the perturbing trends in academic achievement among students in secondary schools in Kenya. Therefore, this paper examined how social achievement goals predicted academic achievement of Form two students in Ainamoi Sub-County, Kericho County, Kenya. Themoderating effect of the students’ gender in the relationship between social achievement goals and academic achievement of form two students in secondary schools has also been examined. Elliot’s Achievement Goal Theory formed the theoretical foundation of the study. Correlational research design was adopted in which 3,500 form 2 students in secondary schools in Ainamoi Sub-County formed the target population. Purposive, stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to select a sample 396 students from 12 secondary schools. Social Achievement Goals Scale and end term examination results were used to collect data. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. The results showed that social achievement goals were positively related to academic achievement (B=0.261; p=0.019). Students’ gender was also found to moderate the relationship between students’ social achievement goals and academic achievement. Hence, the paper concluded that social achievement goals were significant predictors of academic achievement.
Keywords: Academic Achievement, Social Achievement Goals, Students’ Gender

This paper explores how educative leadership might inform the integration of traditional and alternative medicines in comprehensive global health. It offers a four-part meta-ethical framework developed to customise practical theory building about educative leadership in diverse cultural, epistemological and moral contexts. It then applies the framework to traditional and alternative medicines with a view to their integration into global health systems. The paper argues that both educational and health systems must transcend reductionist models by integrating moral philosophies such as virtue ethics, care ethics, and relational ethics with systems-thinking and participatory governance. Through some international examples, the paper illustrates how culturally grounded leadership can foster equity, well-being, and systemic transformation. Readers are invited to consider how these integrative leadership principles can guide the incorporation of traditional medical knowledge into global health systems, ensuring respect for diverse moral, epistemological, and spiritual traditions. It is concluded that interdisciplinary dialogue is vital for building responsive, ethical institutions in an increasingly pluralistic world.
Keywords: Educative leadership, global health integration, traditional and alternative medicine, moral and ethical frameworks, cultural and epistemological diversity

This study explores the lianjia wood sculptures of the Wang Grand Courtyard in Shanxi Province, analyzing how their lines, forms, and compositional structures construct an artistic language that merges functionality with symbolism. Through line-drawing analysis, field observation, and interviews, it examines the rhythmic order, spatial logic, and symbolic motifs of these carvings to reveal their visual and narrative functions within architectural space. The research finds that lianjia carvings embody the traditional Chinese aesthetic ideals of harmony between form and spirit, serving not only as refined craftsmanship but also as symbolic narrative systems preserving cultural memory and artistic values — thus providing vital insights for contemporary art and cultural heritage revitalization.
Keywords: Line, Form, Aesthetic Construction; Lianjia Wood Sculpture.

Healthcare diplomacy has become an indispensable instrument for advancing sustainable development goal three (SDG 3) on good health and well-being, which aims to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages; and a core enablerof global healthcooperation.AMREF Health Africa (AMREF) has been pivotal in the African context in promoting sustainable health systems, and taking of measures, which align with SDG 3. The general objective of this study was to assess AMREF’s healthcare diplomacy and implementation of SDG 3 in Nairobi City County during the period, 2015-2023. This study was guided by three (3) specific objectives; namely, (1) to examine the contribution of AMREF’s healthcare diplomacy on sustainable health outcomes. (2) to analyse the effectiveness of AMREF's healthcare diplomatic strategies and enhancement of sustainable health development. Lastly, (3) to assess the obstacles that imped implementation of AMREF’s healthcare diplomacy efforts. The study area selected was Nairobi City County and targeted population were; AMREF staff directly involved in healthcare; healthcare practitioners, community-based organizations, and government officials. The study was informed by Constructivism and Global Governance theories; adopted descriptive survey and explanatory research designs and collected data through the of use questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions and review of secondary data. Purposive and snowballing sampling guided selection of respondents. The findings of the study revealed that AMREF has used policy advocacy, partnerships, community engagements, capacity building, digital health innovations and evidence-based solutions in its healthcare diplomacy. This has significantly contributed to among others improved maternal and child health and enhanced healthcare access particularly in informal settlementsof Nairobi City County, Kenya.Obstacles highlighted were financial constraints, lack of adequate resources, bureaucratic inefficiencies and weak health data infrastructure.The study recommends: the necessity to enhance collaborative efforts between the public and private sector; a vast investment in domestic health,digital health integrationand the immediate focus to address the impeding obstacles entrenched within the health systems.
Keywords: Healthcare Diplomacy, AMREF, SDG 3, Nairobi City County, Global Health Governance, CommunityHealthinitiatives.